What is the correct way to thaw frozen food safely?

Thawing frozen food safely is essential to prevent the growth of harmful bacteria. The best approach involves methods that keep the food at safe temperatures throughout the thawing process. Thawing food in the refrigerator allows it to defrost gradually while remaining at a controlled, safe temperature, typically below 40°F (4°C). This helps maintain food safety and reduces the risk of bacterial growth.

Using cold running water is another effective method, as it ensures the food thaws quickly and stays within a safe temperature range. Additionally, defrosting in the microwave is acceptable, as long as the food is cooked immediately afterward to ensure any bacteria that may have been present are killed during cooking.

Other methods, such as thawing food on the countertop or using hot water, are not safe because they can lead to parts of the food reaching temperatures that allow bacteria to multiply, increasing the risk of foodborne illness. Similarly, using ambient temperature air can result in uneven thawing, which poses similar risks. Hence, the safest thawing options are those that maintain a consistent and safe temperature range, as highlighted in the correct answer.